Kinesiology Activities
52 courses · Cuesta College · 2026-2027 Catalog
Classes: Summer 2026 · Fall 2026
KINA 193 KINESIOLOGY ACTIVITIES SPECIAL TOPIC
- Units
- 0.5 to 4
- Hours
- 1.5 to 12 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 12.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
Examines a special topic in the field of study related to the discipline offering this course.
KINA 201 WEIGHT TRAINING
- Units
- 0.5 to 1
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Presents the fundamentals of weight training and the principles involved in developing a strength and endurance conditioning program. Students will learn proper training techniques utilizing a variety of exercise modalities to achieve strength, endurance and core stability.
KINA 202 STRENGTH TRAINING FOR SPORT PERFORMANCE
- Units
- 0.5 to 1
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
- Prerequisite
- KINA 201 or by consent of the instructor
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Presents concepts and techniques of strength and endurance training for the intermediate level student. Training strategies and their underlying principles will be emphasized, with the focus on more advanced program development.
KINA 203 ENDURANCE CIRCUIT WEIGHT TRAINING
- Units
- 0.5 to 1
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Recognize that circuit weight training is an approach to physical fitness that involves quick bursts of exercise with minimal rest intervals between each burst. The “circuit” in the term is a reference to students will move around a circuit to access different types of weight training equipment during their exercise sessions.
KINA 204 POWER LIFTING
- Units
- 0.5 to 1
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Designed to offer students a chance to power train. Students will develop an understanding of power lifting and how to implement it into a fitness plan. Power lifting is a system of heavy resistance and low repetition exercise that builds power in large muscle groups. Recommended for students with experience in weight training.
KINA 205 RESISTANCE TRAINING
- Units
- 0.5 to 1
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Presents a guided strength training course designed to sculpt and strengthen the body for general and/or sport specific fitness. The course utilizes muscular strength and endurance training using a variety of modalities and equipment including but not limited to: free weights, bars, exercise tubes, medicine balls, body weight, stability balls and cables.
KINA 206 TRX FULL BODY FITNESS
- Units
- 0.5 to 1
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Provides the concepts of health and skill related fitness including muscular endurance, muscular strength, flexibility, agility, power and core development using the TRX Suspension Training System techniques in a group fitness setting.
KINA 208 TRACK AND FIELD TECHNIQUES
- Units
- 0.5 to 1
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Provides skills and techniques in multiple events for the sport of track & field.
KINA 209 INTRODUCTION TO ULTIMATE FRISBEE
- Units
- 0.5 to 1
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Provides the basic concepts and skills associated with the sport of Ultimate Frisbee including game rules, game and tournament play, techniques and strategies, equipment, and sportsmanship.
KINA 210 ADVANCED WEIGHT TRAINING
- Units
- 0.5 to 1
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Develops advanced weight lifting techniques and conditioning for sports activity and competition. Power lifting on free weights, resistance machines, and use of additional equipment. Focus is on maximizing muscle development through advanced training principles.
KINA 212 CARDIO STEP TRAINING
- Units
- 0.5 to 1
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Presents a total fitness program, including cardiovascular, muscular strength and flexibility fitness through a step training program.
KINA 213 ZUMBA
- Units
- 0.5 to 1
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Presents a mix of Latin dance steps like the merengue, salsa, cambia, mambo, samba, as well as other dances from around the world. The dances are set to high energy Latin music that makes this total body workout an inspiring and energetic method for increasing cardiovascular fitness, muscular strength, and flexibility.
KINA 214 CORE FITNESS WITH CARDIO
- Units
- 0.5 to 1
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Introduces a variety of concepts and practices for muscular and cardiovascular conditioning, focusing on the core of the body. Presents movement skills using aerobics, body weight, stability balls, free weights, medicine balls, and other appropriate techniques to enhance core and cardiovascular fitness and weight management. Allows activities to be adapted to varied levels of ability and fitness.
KINA 217 KICKBOXING FOR FITNESS
- Units
- 0.5 to 1
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Presents the concepts of cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular endurance, muscular strength, and flexibility of exercise through high-intensity kickboxing techniques.
KINA 222 PILATES
- Units
- 0.5 to 1
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Presents a progressive exercise program using the Pilates method. Exercises encompass the strength and flexibility fitness components, while focusing on alignment, efficiency of movement, balance and coordination.
KINA 223 PILATES BARRE
- Units
- 0.5 to 1
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Presents a fitness method that teaches the fundamentals of the Pilates technique using the ballet barre as a tool. Pilates Barre utilizes the barre warm-up in a complimentary fashion with various principles, exercises, poses, stretches, and breathing techniques from Pilates and Yoga. Correct anatomical alignment is taught by utilizing the barre to warm-up while also performing strengthening, lengthening, and aerobic conditioning exercises. Pilates mat exercises are used to develop and challenge core strength. Various Yoga poses are incorporated into the workout for their muscular strengthening and stretching benefits.
KINA 224 CORE PILATES
- Units
- 0.5 to 1
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Incorporates the Pilates method into a strengthening and general core fitness and sport training course. Students will improve overall movement fluidity, breathing techniques, kinesthetic awareness, proprioception, core strength, and endurance while integrating the mind/body connection during movement based on the original techniques developed by Joseph H. Pilates. Students will learn principles of proper alignment, strength, endurance, flexibility, balance, and coordination using intermediate level mat exercises.
KINA 225 BEGINNING BARRE FOR STRENGTH AND FLEXIBILITY
- Units
- 0.5 to 1
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Employs a fitness method that teaches the fundamentals of strength and flexibility using the technique of the barre from ballet. Utilization of the ballet barre and floor exercises includes basic exercises originating from the ballet technique to develop strength of the major muscle groups while also promoting flexibility through principles and stretches unique to Ballet.
KINA 226 BODY FUSION
- Units
- 1
- Hours
- 3 hours per week: (0.00 lecture hours/3.00 lab hours/0.00 activity hours)
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Incorporates various body movement methods to present a complete fitness program for mind and body conditioning. Presents a blending of yoga, Pilates, fitness, and Barre while challenging mind and body. Principles of proper alignment, strength, endurance, flexibility, balance, and coordination are implemented.
KINA 227 INDOOR CYCLING FOR FITNESS
- Units
- 0.5 to 1
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Presents the concepts of cardio-respiratory fitness, muscular endurance, muscular strength and flexibility in a cycling format. Students will use a combination of cardio-respiratory training and strength work using stationary bikes to enhance overall fitness and health levels.
KINA 228 INDOOR CYCLING FOR CROSS TRAINING
- Units
- 0.5 to 1
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Presents cardio-respiratory, fitness, muscular endurance, muscular strength, and flexibility in a cycling format. Students will perform cycling as a key component of an overall fitness program.
KINA 229 TRX FOR HIGH INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING
- Units
- 0.5 to 1
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Provides training in cardiorespiratory concepts, high intensity interval training, and functional fitness movement utilizing TRX Suspension System techniques, and a variety of fitness equipment, in a group fitness setting.
KINA 231 CARDIO BOOTCAMP
- Units
- 0.5 to 1
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Presents the fundamentals and techniques of total body fitness including cardiovascular fitness, strength, agility and flexibility training. Students will learn proper techniques and exercise progression in a predominantly outdoor environment.
KINA 232 CARDIO ENDURANCE CONDITIONING
- Units
- 0.5 to 1
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Presents a programmed method of cardiovascular/respiratory fitness through walking, running, swimming and/or cycling.
KINA 233 SPORT SPECIFIC CONDITIONING
- Units
- 0.5 to 1
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Presents general and sport-specific conditioning methods for intercollegiate athletes. Course is designed to meet conditioning needs using a variety of modalities including running, swimming, cycling and resistance training.
KINA 234 CROSS FITNESS TRAINING
- Units
- 0.5 to 1
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Presents cross fitness training methods for general fitness and sport training. Training modalities include running, circuit training, interval training, swimming, cycling and resistance training.
KINA 235 HIKING THE SAN LUIS OBISPO COUNTY TRAILS
- Units
- 0.5 to 1
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Introduces fundamental skills necessary for trail hiking including appropriate hiking gear, safety/risks, and trail etiquette. Emphasis will be placed on improving cardiovascular endurance, strength, and flexibility. Students will hike the many trails of San Luis Obispo County gaining information related to the history of specific trail locations, navigation of trail maps, and environmental awareness.
KINA 237 PICKLEBALL I
- Units
- 0.5 to 1
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Introduces the basic skills and strokes used in controlling play, rules, and etiquette of Pickleball. Provides basic instruction on movement fundamentals including ground strokes, serving, and strategy patterns. Presents individual instruction to develop a player's personal stroke pattern and refine skills in a recreational atmosphere.
KINA 238 GOLF
- Units
- 0.5 to 1
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Presents an opportunity to develop one's knowledge and skills in the sport of golf. Instruction emphasizes swing fundamentals, rules, etiquette, history of the game and psychological aspects.
KINA 239 PICKLEBALL II
- Units
- 0.5 to 1
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Introduces skills and strokes used in controlling play, rules, and etiquette in intermediate level doubles Pickleball play. Provides development of strokes, serving, net play, and strategy patterns. Presents individual instruction to develop a player's personal skill set in recreational and challenge play settings.
KINA 241 WATER POLO TECHNIQUES
- Units
- 0.5 to 1
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Provides the opportunity for swimmers to develop an interest in and knowledge of water polo. Presents the rules and fundamental skills of the game. Endurance training and cardiovascular fitness will be discussed.
KINA 244 RESTORATIVE YOGA
- Units
- 0.5 to 1
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Introduces a light flow of basic yoga poses (asanas), mindful meditation, and proper breathing (pranayama) techniques. The course will also improve flexibility and skeletal alignment to promote overall physical wellness. Students will have the opportunity to explore the body-mind experience through calming techniques and recognizing senses which may improve attention.
KINA 245 POWER YOGA
- Units
- 0.5 to 1
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
- Advisory
- KINA 246
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Introduces an intense power flow of yoga poses (asanas) to build strength, cardio-respiratory fitness, flexibility, and endurance. The course will incorporate weights, resistance bands, and various equipment for strength and power movements to improve skeletal alignment and promote overall physical health. Methods of proper breathing (pranayama) will also be incorporated into the course.
KINA 246 YOGA FOR FITNESS
- Units
- 0.5 to 1
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Introduces the fundamentals of Yoga as it relates to fitness. Students will learn a series of physical postures (asanas) as well as practical methods of proper breathing, relaxation, meditation, and concentration that promote health, alleviate stress, improve skeletal alignment and increase muscular strength and flexibility.
KINA 247 INDEPENDENT STUDIES: KINESIOLOGY ACTIVITIES
- Units
- 0.5 to 2
- Hours
- 1.5 to 6 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 6.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
- Prerequisite
- The student must have completed preparatory course work in the field in which the study is to be undertaken.
- Transfers to
- CSU
Provides an opportunity for an in-depth study or skill development experience by an individual student in a selected topic of physical education under the direction of an instructor.
KINA 251 HALF / MARATHON TRAINING
- Units
- 0.5 to 1
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Presents the key ingredients of successful half and full marathon training programs and their application to life long fitness. The class will prepare students for distance running; 13.1 - 26.2 miles.
KINA 252 INTRODUCTION TO OUTDOOR FITNESS
- Units
- 0.5 to 1
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Presents key concepts of a successful trail hiking/running program including health related fitness, appropriate gear, safety and health considerations, environmental issues, and trail techniques. The course prepares student for establishing and meeting fitness goals using San Luis County parks, trails, and open space.
KINA 256 VOLLEYBALL TECHNIQUES
- Units
- 0.5 to 1
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Provides progressive instruction for skill development in both offensive and defensive systems of volleyball. Skills practice as well as rules and strategy of game play will be presented.
KINA 260 SOCCER SKILLS AND TACTICS
- Units
- 0.5 to 1
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Introduces specific techniques, tactics, and skills inherent to successful development and implementation of offensive and defensive soccer strategies.
KINA 261 SOCCER SKILLS AND TACTICS
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours)
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Introduces techniques, tactics, skills, rules and attitudes inherent to the sport of soccer.
KINA 266 WRESTLING
- Units
- 0.5 to 1
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Presents the basic skill techniques involved in Folkstyle Wrestling. Emphasizes active participation in drill and scrimmage situations.
KINA 267 FREESTYLE WRESTLING
- Units
- 0.5 to 1
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Presents the basic skill techniques involved in International Wrestling: Freestyle and Greco-Roman. Designed for both the beginning and advanced wrestler.
KINA 271 BASKETBALL TECHNIQUES
- Units
- 0.5 to 1
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
- Prerequisite
- Students must possess advanced collegiate athletics skills and knowledge to participate, which will be determined by the instructor.
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Considers broad aspects of intercollegiate basketball. Emphasizes offensive and defensive floor strategies, the physical conditioning necessary for engaging in competitive sports, and the responsibilities required of a player who participates in a team activity.
KINA 272 FUNDAMENTALS OF BASKETBALL
- Units
- 0.5 to 1
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Considers broad aspects of intercollegiate basketball. Emphasizes offensive and defensive floor strategies, the physical conditioning necessary for engaging in competitive sports, and the responsibilities required of a player who participates in a team activity.
KINA 277 BASKETBALL TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS
- Units
- 0.5 to 1
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Emphasizes basic skills, techniques, theories, strategies, and rule interpretations used in basketball.
KINA 278 BASKETBALL FOR LIFETIME FITNESS
- Units
- 0.5 to 1
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
- Advisory
- Prior participation in a high school, collegiate or club level basketball program or consent of instructor.
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Presents major concepts of basketball offense and defense, taught and played in game-like situations.
KINA 281 SOFTBALL FUNDAMENTALS
- Units
- 0.5 to 1
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours)
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Presents theory, practice, and strategy of fastpitch softball.
KINA 286 ADVANCED BASEBALL APPLICATIONS
- Units
- 2
- Hours
- 6 hours per week: (0.00 lecture hours/6.00 lab hours/0.00 activity hours)
- Advisory
- KINA 287
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Designed for students of advanced ability in baseball. Fundamentals of offense, defense and advanced strategies will be stressed. Recommended for those interested in intercollegiate competition.
KINA 287 BASEBALL TECHNIQUES
- Units
- 0.5 to 1
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Presents the skills, drills, theory and practice of advanced baseball. Presents individual and team instruction to develop player's own personal skills in a competitive atmosphere.
KINA 292 SWIMMING & DIVING APPLICATIONS
- Units
- 0.5 to 1
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Designed for students of advanced ability in swimming. Fundamentals of all four competitive strokes and advanced strategies of how to compete as an individual/team will be incorporated. Recommended for those interested in intercollegiate competition.
KINA 293 SWIMMING TECHNIQUES
- Units
- 0.5 to 1
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
- Advisory
- Float in water.
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Emphasizes developing the fundamental techniques of swimming. All strokes will be taught along with elementary diving and basic survival skills. Endurance training and cardiovascular fitness will be discussed.
KINA 294 LAP SWIMMING
- Units
- 0.5 to 1
- Hours
- 1.5 to 3 hours per week: (0.00 - 0.00 lecture hours/1.50 - 3.00 lab hours/0.00 - 0.00 activity hours)
- Advisory
- Swim 25 yards.
- Transfers to
- CSU, UC
Provides training for students wishing to improve swimming skills in order to increase recreational enjoyment, to improve stroke technique, and to increase endurance, strength, and stamina.